Critics have remarked that those four worthies were truly peerless throughout the ages; yet the present falls short of the past—the ancients favored unadorned simplicity, whereas the moderns prefer refined elegance. Styles of substance and ornament rise and fall in succession, shifting with the changing mores of the times; such evolution is simply the natural order of things. The ideal lies in honoring antiquity without clashing with the present, and embracing modernity without succumbing to its flaws—embodying that perfect balance of substance and refinement that defines the true gentleman. There is surely no need to abandon a carved palace in favor of a cave dwelling, or to trade a jade carriage for a primitive cart with solid wooden wheels.🌌 SpectraShell
"""A powerful, extensible, and easy-to-use option parser.
By Greg Ward <gward@python.net>
Originally distributed as Optik.
For support, use the optik-users@lists.sourceforge.net mailing list
(http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/optik-users).
Simple usage example:
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-f", "--file", dest="filename",
help="write report to FILE", metavar="FILE")
parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
action="store_false", dest="verbose", default=True,
help="don't print status messages to stdout")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
"""
__version__ = "1.5.3"
__all__ = ['Option',
'make_option',
'SUPPRESS_HELP',
'SUPPRESS_USAGE',
'Values',
'OptionContainer',
'OptionGroup',
'OptionParser',
'HelpFormatter',
'IndentedHelpFormatter',
'TitledHelpFormatter',
'OptParseError',
'OptionError',
'OptionConflictError',
'OptionValueError',
'BadOptionError']
__copyright__ = """
Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
"""
import sys, os
import types
import textwrap
def _repr(self):
return "<%s at 0x%x: %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self)
# This file was generated from:
# Id: option_parser.py 527 2006-07-23 15:21:30Z greg
# Id: option.py 522 2006-06-11 16:22:03Z gward
# Id: help.py 527 2006-07-23 15:21:30Z greg
# Id: errors.py 509 2006-04-20 00:58:24Z gward
try:
from gettext import gettext
except ImportError:
def gettext(message):
return message
_ = gettext
class OptParseError (Exception):
def __init__(self, msg):
self.msg = msg
def __str__(self):
return self.msg
class OptionError (OptParseError):
"""
Raised if an Option instance is created with invalid or
inconsistent arguments.
"""
def __init__(self, msg, option):
self.msg = msg
self.option_id = str(option)
def __str__(self):
if self.option_id:
return "option %s: %s" % (self.option_id, self.msg)
else:
return self.msg
class OptionConflictError (OptionError):
"""
Raised if conflicting options are added to an OptionParser.
"""
class OptionValueError (OptParseError):
"""
Raised if an invalid option value is encountered on the command
line.
"""
class BadOptionError (OptParseError):
"""
Raised if an invalid option is seen on the command line.
"""
def __init__(self, opt_str):
self.opt_str = opt_str
def __str__(self):
return _("no such option: %s") % self.opt_str
class AmbiguousOptionError (BadOptionError):
"""
Raised if an ambiguous option is seen on the command line.
"""
def __init__(self, opt_str, possibilities):
BadOptionError.__init__(self, opt_str)
self.possibilities = possibilities
def __str__(self):
return (_("ambiguous option: %s (%s?)")
% (self.opt_str, ", ".join(self.possibilities)))
class HelpFormatter:
"""
Abstract base class for formatting option help. OptionParser
instances should use one of the HelpFormatter subclasses for
formatting help; by default IndentedHelpFormatter is used.
Instance attributes:
parser : OptionParser
the controlling OptionParser instance
indent_increment : int
the number of columns to indent per nesting level
max_help_position : int
the maximum starting column for option help text
help_position : int
the calculated starting column for option help text;
initially the same as the maximum
width : int
total number of columns for output (pass None to constructor for
this value to be taken from the $COLUMNS environment variable)
level : int
current indentation level
current_indent : int
current indentation level (in columns)
help_width : int
number of columns available for option help text (calculated)
default_tag : str
text to replace with each option's default value, "%default"
by default. Set to false value to disable default value expansion.
option_strings : { Option : str }
maps Option instances to the snippet of help text explaining
the syntax of that option, e.g. "-h, --help" or
"-fFILE, --file=FILE"
_short_opt_fmt : str
format string controlling how short options with values are
printed in help text. Must be either "%s%s" ("-fFILE") or
"%s %s" ("-f FILE"), because those are the two syntaxes that
Optik supports.
_long_opt_fmt : str
similar but for long options; must be either "%s %s" ("--file FILE")
or "%s=%s" ("--file=FILE").
"""
NO_DEFAULT_VALUE = "none"
def __init__(self,
indent_increment,
max_help_position,
width,
short_first):
self.parser = None
self.indent_increment = indent_increment
if width is None:
try:
width = int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
width = 80
width -= 2
self.width = width
self.help_position = self.max_help_position = \
min(max_help_position, max(width - 20, indent_increment * 2))
self.current_indent = 0
self.level = 0
self.help_width = None # computed later
self.short_first = short_first
self.default_tag = "%default"
self.option_strings = {}
self._short_opt_fmt = "%s %s"
self._long_opt_fmt = "%s=%s"
def set_parser(self, parser):
self.parser = parser
def set_short_opt_delimiter(self, delim):
if delim not in ("", " "):
raise ValueError(
"invalid metavar delimiter for short options: %r" % delim)
self._short_opt_fmt = "%s" + delim + "%s"
def set_long_opt_delimiter(self, delim):
if delim not in ("=", " "):
raise ValueError(
"invalid metavar delimiter for long options: %r" % delim)
self._long_opt_fmt = "%s" + delim + "%s"
def indent(self):
self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
self.level += 1
def dedent(self):
self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
assert self.current_indent >= 0, "Indent decreased below 0."
self.level -= 1
def format_usage(self, usage):
raise NotImplementedError, "subclasses must implement"
def format_heading(self, heading):
raise NotImplementedError, "subclasses must implement"
def _format_text(self, text):
"""
Format a paragraph of free-form text for inclusion in the
help output at the current indentation level.
"""
text_width = max(self.width - self.current_indent, 11)
indent = " "*self.current_indent
return textwrap.fill(text,
text_width,
initial_indent=indent,
subsequent_indent=indent)
def format_description(self, description):
if description:
return self._format_text(description) + "\n"
else:
return ""
def format_epilog(self, epilog):
if epilog:
return "\n" + self._format_text(epilog) + "\n"
else:
return ""
def expand_default(self, option):
if self.parser is None or not self.default_tag:
return option.help
default_value = self.parser.defaults.get(option.dest)
if default_value is NO_DEFAULT or default_value is None:
default_value = self.NO_DEFAULT_VALUE
return option.help.replace(self.default_tag, str(default_value))
def format_option(self, option):
# The help for each option consists of two parts:
# * the opt strings and metavars
# eg. ("-x", or "-fFILENAME, --file=FILENAME")
# * the user-supplied help string
# eg. ("turn on expert mode", "read data from FILENAME")
#
# If possible, we write both of these on the same line:
# -x turn on expert mode
#
# But if the opt string list is too long, we put the help
# string on a second line, indented to the same column it would
# start in if it fit on the first line.
# -fFILENAME, --file=FILENAME
# read data from FILENAME
result = []
opts = self.option_strings[option]
opt_width = self.help_position - self.current_indent - 2
if len(opts) > opt_width:
opts = "%*s%s\n" % (self.current_indent, "", opts)
indent_first = self.help_position
else: # start help on same line as opts
opts = "%*s%-*s " % (self.current_indent, "", opt_width, opts)
indent_first = 0
result.append(opts)
if option.help:
help_text = self.expand_default(option)
help_lines = textwrap.wrap(help_text, self.help_width)
result.append("%*s%s\n" % (indent_first, "", help_lines[0]))
result.extend(["%*s%s\n" % (self.help_position, "", line)
for line in help_lines[1:]])
elif opts[-1] != "\n":
result.append("\n")
return "".join(result)
def store_option_strings(self, parser):
self.indent()
max_len = 0
for opt in parser.option_list:
strings = self.format_option_strings(opt)
self.option_strings[opt] = strings
max_len = max(max_len, len(strings) + self.current_indent)
self.indent()
for group in parser.option_groups:
for opt in group.option_list:
strings = self.format_option_strings(opt)
self.option_strings[opt] = strings
max_len = max(max_len, len(strings) + self.current_indent)
self.dedent()
self.dedent()
self.help_position = min(max_len + 2, self.max_help_position)
self.help_width = max(self.width - self.help_position, 11)
def format_option_strings(self, option):
"""Return a comma-separated list of option strings & metavariables."""
if option.takes_value():
metavar = option.metavar or option.dest.upper()
short_opts = [self._short_opt_fmt % (sopt, metavar)
for sopt in option._short_opts]
long_opts = [self._long_opt_fmt % (lopt, metavar)
for lopt in option._long_opts]
else:
short_opts = option._short_opts
long_opts = option._long_opts
if self.short_first:
opts = short_opts + long_opts
else:
opts = long_opts + short_opts
return ", ".join(opts)
class IndentedHelpFormatter (HelpFormatter):
"""Format help with indented section bodies.
"""
def __init__(self,
indent_increment=2,
max_help_position=24,
width=None,
short_first=1):
HelpFormatter.__init__(
self, indent_increment, max_help_position, width, short_first)
def format_usage(self, usage):
return _("Usage: %s\n") % usage
def format_heading(self, heading):
return "%*s%s:\n" % (self.current_indent, "", heading)
class TitledHelpFormatter (HelpFormatter):
"""Format help with underlined section headers.
"""
def __init__(self,
indent_increment=0,
max_help_position=24,
width=None,
short_first=0):
HelpFormatter.__init__ (
self, indent_increment, max_help_position, width, short_first)
def format_usage(self, usage):
return "%s %s\n" % (self.format_heading(_("Usage")), usage)
def format_heading(self, heading):
return "%s\n%s\n" % (heading, "=-"[self.level] * len(heading))
def _parse_num(val, type):
if val[:2].lower() == "0x": # hexadecimal
radix = 16
elif val[:2].lower() == "0b": # binary
radix = 2
val = val[2:] or "0" # have to remove "0b" prefix
elif val[:1] == "0": # octal
radix = 8
else: # decimal
radix = 10
return type(val, radix)
def _parse_int(val):
return _parse_num(val, int)
def _parse_long(val):
return _parse_num(val, long)
_builtin_cvt = { "int" : (_parse_int, _("integer")),
"long" : (_parse_long, _("long integer")),
"float" : (float, _("floating-point")),
"complex" : (complex, _("complex")) }
def check_builtin(option, opt, value):
(cvt, what) = _builtin_cvt[option.type]
try:
return cvt(value)
except ValueError:
raise OptionValueError(
_("option %s: invalid %s value: %r") % (opt, what, value))
def check_choice(option, opt, value):
if value in option.choices:
return value
else:
choices = ", ".join(map(repr, option.choices))
raise OptionValueError(
_("option %s: invalid choice: %r (choose from %s)")
% (opt, value, choices))
# Not supplying a default is different from a default of None,
# so we need an explicit "not supplied" value.
NO_DEFAULT = ("NO", "DEFAULT")
class Option:
"""
Instance attributes:
_short_opts : [string]
_long_opts : [string]
action : string
type : string
dest : string
default : any
nargs : int
const : any
choices : [string]
callback : function
callback_args : (any*)
callback_kwargs : { string : any }
help : string
metavar : string
"""
# The list of instance attributes that may be set through
# keyword args to the constructor.
ATTRS = ['action',
'type',
'dest',
'default',
'nargs',
'const',
'choices',
'callback',
'callback_args',
'callback_kwargs',
'help',
'metavar']
# The set of actions allowed by option parsers. Explicitly listed
# here so the constructor can validate its arguments.
ACTIONS = ("store",
"store_const",
"store_true",
"store_false",
"append",
"append_const",
"count",
"callback",
"help",
"version")
# The set of actions that involve storing a value somewhere;
# also listed just for constructor argument validation. (If
# the action is one of these, there must be a destination.)
STORE_ACTIONS = ("store",
"store_const",
"store_true",
"store_false",
"append",
"append_const",
"count")
# The set of actions for which it makes sense to supply a value
# type, ie. which may consume an argument from the command line.
TYPED_ACTIONS = ("store",
"append",
"callback")
# The set of actions which *require* a value type, ie. that
# always consume an argument from the command line.
ALWAYS_TYPED_ACTIONS = ("store",
"append")
# The set of actions which take a 'const' attribute.
CONST_ACTIONS = ("store_const",
"append_const")
# The set of known types for option parsers. Again, listed here for
# constructor argument validation.
TYPES = ("string", "int", "long", "float", "complex", "choice")
# Dictionary of argument checking functions, which convert and
# validate option arguments according to the option type.
#
# Signature of checking functions is:
# check(option : Option, opt : string, value : string) -> any
# where
# option is the Option instance calling the checker
# opt is the actual option seen on the command-line
# (eg. "-a", "--file")
# value is the option argument seen on the command-line
#
# The return value should be in the appropriate Python type
# for option.type -- eg. an integer if option.type == "int".
#
# If no checker is defined for a type, arguments will be
# unchecked and remain strings.
TYPE_CHECKER = { "int" : check_builtin,
"long" : check_builtin,
"float" : check_builtin,
"complex": check_builtin,
"choice" : check_choice,
}
# CHECK_METHODS is a list of unbound method objects; they are called
# by the constructor, in order, after all attributes are
# initialized. The list is created and filled in later, after all
# the methods are actually defined. (I just put it here because I
# like to define and document all class attributes in the same
# place.) Subclasses that add another _check_*() method should
# define their own CHECK_METHODS list that adds their check method
# to those from this class.
CHECK_METHODS = None
# -- Constructor/initialization methods ----------------------------
def __init__(self, *opts, **attrs):
# Set _short_opts, _long_opts attrs from 'opts' tuple.
# Have to be set now, in case no option strings are supplied.
self._short_opts = []
self._long_opts = []
opts = self._check_opt_strings(opts)
self._set_opt_strings(opts)
# Set all other attrs (action, type, etc.) from 'attrs' dict
self._set_attrs(attrs)
# Check all the attributes we just set. There are lots of
# complicated interdependencies, but luckily they can be farmed
# out to the _check_*() methods listed in CHECK_METHODS -- which
# could be handy for subclasses! The one thing these all share
# is that they raise OptionError if they discover a problem.
for checker in self.CHECK_METHODS:
checker(self)
def _check_opt_strings(self, opts):
# Filter out None because early versions of Optik had exactly
# one short option and one long option, either of which
# could be None.
opts = filter(None, opts)
if not opts:
raise TypeError("at least one option string must be supplied")
return opts
def _set_opt_strings(self, opts):
for opt in opts:
if len(opt) < 2:
raise OptionError(
"invalid option string %r: "
"must be at least two characters long" % opt, self)
elif len(opt) == 2:
if not (opt[0] == "-" and opt[1] != "-"):
raise OptionError(
"invalid short option string %r: "
"must be of the form -x, (x any non-dash char)" % opt,
self)
self._short_opts.append(opt)
else:
if not (opt[0:2] == "--" and opt[2] != "-"):
raise OptionError(
"invalid long option string %r: "
"must start with --, followed by non-dash" % opt,
self)
self._long_opts.append(opt)
def _set_attrs(self, attrs):
for attr in self.ATTRS:
if attr in attrs:
setattr(self, attr, attrs[attr])
del attrs[attr]
else:
if attr == 'default':
setattr(self, attr, NO_DEFAULT)
else:
setattr(self, attr, None)
if attrs:
attrs = attrs.keys()
attrs.sort()
raise OptionError(
"invalid keyword arguments: %s" % ", ".join(attrs),
self)
# -- Constructor validation methods --------------------------------
def _check_action(self):
if self.action is None:
self.action = "store"
elif self.action not in self.ACTIONS:
raise OptionError("invalid action: %r" % self.action, self)
def _check_type(self):
if self.type is None:
if self.action in self.ALWAYS_TYPED_ACTIONS:
if self.choices is not None:
# The "choices" attribute implies "choice" type.
self.type = "choice"
else:
# No type given? "string" is the most sensible default.
self.type = "string"
else:
# Allow type objects or builtin type conversion functions
# (int, str, etc.) as an alternative to their names. (The
# complicated check of __builtin__ is only necessary for
# Python 2.1 and earlier, and is short-circuited by the
# first check on modern Pythons.)
import __builtin__
if ( type(self.type) is types.TypeType or
(hasattr(self.type, "__name__") and
getattr(__builtin__, self.type.__name__, None) is self.type) ):
self.type = self.type.__name__
if self.type == "str":
self.type = "string"
if self.type not in self.TYPES:
raise OptionError("invalid option type: %r" % self.type, self)
if self.action not in self.TYPED_ACTIONS:
raise OptionError(
"must not supply a type for action %r" % self.action, self)
def _check_choice(self):
if self.type == "choice":
if self.choices is None:
raise OptionError(
"must supply a list of choices for type 'choice'", self)
elif type(self.choices) not in (types.TupleType, types.ListType):
raise OptionError(
"choices must be a list of strings ('%s' supplied)"
% str(type(self.choices)).split("'")[1], self)
elif self.choices is not None:
raise OptionError(
"must not supply choices for type %r" % self.type, self)
def _check_dest(self):
# No destination given, and we need one for this action. The
# self.type check is for callbacks that take a value.
takes_value = (self.action in self.STORE_ACTIONS or
self.type is not None)
if self.dest is None and takes_value:
# Glean a destination from the first long option string,
# or from the first short option string if no long options.
if self._long_opts:
# eg. "--foo-bar" -> "foo_bar"
self.dest = self._long_opts[0][2:].replace('-', '_')
else:
self.dest = self._short_opts[0][1]
def _check_const(self):
if self.action not in self.CONST_ACTIONS and self.const is not None:
raise OptionError(
"'const' must not be supplied for action %r" % self.action,
self)
def _check_nargs(self):
if self.action in self.TYPED_ACTIONS:
if self.nargs is None:
self.nargs = 1
elif self.nargs is not None:
raise OptionError(
"'nargs' must not be supplied for action %r" % self.action,
self)
def _check_callback(self):
if self.action == "callback":
if not hasattr(self.callback, '__call__'):
raise OptionError(
"callback not callable: %r" % self.callback, self)
if (self.callback_args is not None and
type(self.callback_args) is not types.TupleType):
raise OptionError(
"callback_args, if supplied, must be a tuple: not %r"
% self.callback_args, self)
if (self.callback_kwargs is not None and
type(self.callback_kwargs) is not types.DictType):
raise OptionError(
"callback_kwargs, if supplied, must be a dict: not %r"
% self.callback_kwargs, self)
else:
if self.callback is not None:
raise OptionError(
"callback supplied (%r) for non-callback option"
% self.callback, self)
if self.callback_args is not None:
raise OptionError(
"callback_args supplied for non-callback option", self)
if self.callback_kwargs is not None:
raise OptionError(
"callback_kwargs supplied for non-callback option", self)
CHECK_METHODS = [_check_action,
_check_type,
_check_choice,
_check_dest,
_check_const,
_check_nargs,
_check_callback]
# -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
def __str__(self):
return "/".join(self._short_opts + self._long_opts)
__repr__ = _repr
def takes_value(self):
return self.type is not None
def get_opt_string(self):
if self._long_opts:
return self._long_opts[0]
else:
return self._short_opts[0]
# -- Processing methods --------------------------------------------
def check_value(self, opt, value):
checker = self.TYPE_CHECKER.get(self.type)
if checker is None:
return value
else:
return checker(self, opt, value)
def convert_value(self, opt, value):
if value is not None:
if self.nargs == 1:
return self.check_value(opt, value)
else:
return tuple([self.check_value(opt, v) for v in value])
def process(self, opt, value, values, parser):
# First, convert the value(s) to the right type. Howl if any
# value(s) are bogus.
value = self.convert_value(opt, value)
# And then take whatever action is expected of us.
# This is a separate method to make life easier for
# subclasses to add new actions.
return self.take_action(
self.action, self.dest, opt, value, values, parser)
def take_action(self, action, dest, opt, value, values, parser):
if action == "store":
setattr(values, dest, value)
elif action == "store_const":
setattr(values, dest, self.const)
elif action == "store_true":
setattr(values, dest, True)
elif action == "store_false":
setattr(values, dest, False)
elif action == "append":
values.ensure_value(dest, []).append(value)
elif action == "append_const":
values.ensure_value(dest, []).append(self.const)
elif action == "count":
setattr(values, dest, values.ensure_value(dest, 0) + 1)
elif action == "callback":
args = self.callback_args or ()
kwargs = self.callback_kwargs or {}
self.callback(self, opt, value, parser, *args, **kwargs)
elif action == "help":
parser.print_help()
parser.exit()
elif action == "version":
parser.print_version()
parser.exit()
else:
raise ValueError("unknown action %r" % self.action)
return 1
# class Option
SUPPRESS_HELP = "SUPPRESS"+"HELP"
SUPPRESS_USAGE = "SUPPRESS"+"USAGE"
try:
basestring
except NameError:
def isbasestring(x):
return isinstance(x, (types.StringType, types.UnicodeType))
else:
def isbasestring(x):
return isinstance(x, basestring)
class Values:
def __init__(self, defaults=None):
if defaults:
for (attr, val) in defaults.items():
setattr(self, attr, val)
def __str__(self):
return str(self.__dict__)
__repr__ = _repr
def __cmp__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, Values):
return cmp(self.__dict__, other.__dict__)
elif isinstance(other, types.DictType):
return cmp(self.__dict__, other)
else:
return -1
def _update_careful(self, dict):
"""
Update the option values from an arbitrary dictionary, but only
use keys from dict that already have a corresponding attribute
in self. Any keys in dict without a corresponding attribute
are silently ignored.
"""
for attr in dir(self):
if attr in dict:
dval = dict[attr]
if dval is not None:
setattr(self, attr, dval)
def _update_loose(self, dict):
"""
Update the option values from an arbitrary dictionary,
using all keys from the dictionary regardless of whether
they have a corresponding attribute in self or not.
"""
self.__dict__.update(dict)
def _update(self, dict, mode):
if mode == "careful":
self._update_careful(dict)
elif mode == "loose":
self._update_loose(dict)
else:
raise ValueError, "invalid update mode: %r" % mode
def read_module(self, modname, mode="careful"):
__import__(modname)
mod = sys.modules[modname]
self._update(vars(mod), mode)
def read_file(self, filename, mode="careful"):
vars = {}
execfile(filename, vars)
self._update(vars, mode)
def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
setattr(self, attr, value)
return getattr(self, attr)
class OptionContainer:
"""
Abstract base class.
Class attributes:
standard_option_list : [Option]
list of standard options that will be accepted by all instances
of this parser class (intended to be overridden by subclasses).
Instance attributes:
option_list : [Option]
the list of Option objects contained by this OptionContainer
_short_opt : { string : Option }
dictionary mapping short option strings, eg. "-f" or "-X",
to the Option instances that implement them. If an Option
has multiple short option strings, it will appear in this
dictionary multiple times. [1]
_long_opt : { string : Option }
dictionary mapping long option strings, eg. "--file" or
"--exclude", to the Option instances that implement them.
Again, a given Option can occur multiple times in this
dictionary. [1]
defaults : { string : any }
dictionary mapping option destination names to default
values for each destination [1]
[1] These mappings are common to (shared by) all components of the
controlling OptionParser, where they are initially created.
"""
def __init__(self, option_class, conflict_handler, description):
# Initialize the option list and related data structures.
# This method must be provided by subclasses, and it must
# initialize at least the following instance attributes:
# option_list, _short_opt, _long_opt, defaults.
self._create_option_list()
self.option_class = option_class
self.set_conflict_handler(conflict_handler)
self.set_description(description)
def _create_option_mappings(self):
# For use by OptionParser constructor -- create the master
# option mappings used by this OptionParser and all
# OptionGroups that it owns.
self._short_opt = {} # single letter -> Option instance
self._long_opt = {} # long option -> Option instance
self.defaults = {} # maps option dest -> default value
def _share_option_mappings(self, parser):
# For use by OptionGroup constructor -- use shared option
# mappings from the OptionParser that owns this OptionGroup.
self._short_opt = parser._short_opt
self._long_opt = parser._long_opt
self.defaults = parser.defaults
def set_conflict_handler(self, handler):
if handler not in ("error", "resolve"):
raise ValueError, "invalid conflict_resolution value %r" % handler
self.conflict_handler = handler
def set_description(self, description):
self.description = description
def get_description(self):
return self.description
def destroy(self):
"""see OptionParser.destroy()."""
del self._short_opt
del self._long_opt
del self.defaults
# -- Option-adding methods -----------------------------------------
def _check_conflict(self, option):
conflict_opts = []
for opt in option._short_opts:
if opt in self._short_opt:
conflict_opts.append((opt, self._short_opt[opt]))
for opt in option._long_opts:
if opt in self._long_opt:
conflict_opts.append((opt, self._long_opt[opt]))
if conflict_opts:
handler = self.conflict_handler
if handler == "error":
raise OptionConflictError(
"conflicting option string(s): %s"
% ", ".join([co[0] for co in conflict_opts]),
option)
elif handler == "resolve":
for (opt, c_option) in conflict_opts:
if opt.startswith("--"):
c_option._long_opts.remove(opt)
del self._long_opt[opt]
else:
c_option._short_opts.remove(opt)
del self._short_opt[opt]
if not (c_option._short_opts or c_option._long_opts):
c_option.container.option_list.remove(c_option)
def add_option(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""add_option(Option)
add_option(opt_str, ..., kwarg=val, ...)
"""
if type(args[0]) in types.StringTypes:
option = self.option_class(*args, **kwargs)
elif len(args) == 1 and not kwargs:
option = args[0]
if not isinstance(option, Option):
raise TypeError, "not an Option instance: %r" % option
else:
raise TypeError, "invalid arguments"
self._check_conflict(option)
self.option_list.append(option)
option.container = self
for opt in option._short_opts:
self._short_opt[opt] = option
for opt in option._long_opts:
self._long_opt[opt] = option
if option.dest is not None: # option has a dest, we need a default
if option.default is not NO_DEFAULT:
self.defaults[option.dest] = option.default
elif option.dest not in self.defaults:
self.defaults[option.dest] = None
return option
def add_options(self, option_list):
for option in option_list:
self.add_option(option)
# -- Option query/removal methods ----------------------------------
def get_option(self, opt_str):
return (self._short_opt.get(opt_str) or
self._long_opt.get(opt_str))
def has_option(self, opt_str):
return (opt_str in self._short_opt or
opt_str in self._long_opt)
def remove_option(self, opt_str):
option = self._short_opt.get(opt_str)
if option is None:
option = self._long_opt.get(opt_str)
if option is None:
raise ValueError("no such option %r" % opt_str)
for opt in option._short_opts:
del self._short_opt[opt]
for opt in option._long_opts:
del self._long_opt[opt]
option.container.option_list.remove(option)
# -- Help-formatting methods ---------------------------------------
def format_option_help(self, formatter):
if not self.option_list:
return ""
result = []
for option in self.option_list:
if not option.help is SUPPRESS_HELP:
result.append(formatter.format_option(option))
return "".join(result)
def format_description(self, formatter):
return formatter.format_description(self.get_description())
def format_help(self, formatter):
result = []
if self.description:
result.append(self.format_description(formatter))
if self.option_list:
result.append(self.format_option_help(formatter))
return "\n".join(result)
class OptionGroup (OptionContainer):
def __init__(self, parser, title, description=None):
self.parser = parser
OptionContainer.__init__(
self, parser.option_class, parser.conflict_handler, description)
self.title = title
def _create_option_list(self):
self.option_list = []
self._share_option_mappings(self.parser)
def set_title(self, title):
self.title = title
def destroy(self):
"""see OptionParser.destroy()."""
OptionContainer.destroy(self)
del self.option_list
# -- Help-formatting methods ---------------------------------------
def format_help(self, formatter):
result = formatter.format_heading(self.title)
formatter.indent()
result += OptionContainer.format_help(self, formatter)
formatter.dedent()
return result
class OptionParser (OptionContainer):
"""
Class attributes:
standard_option_list : [Option]
list of standard options that will be accepted by all instances
of this parser class (intended to be overridden by subclasses).
Instance attributes:
usage : string
a usage string for your program. Before it is displayed
to the user, "%prog" will be expanded to the name of
your program (self.prog or os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])).
prog : string
the name of the current program (to override
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])).
description : string
A paragraph of text giving a brief overview of your program.
optparse reformats this paragraph to fit the current terminal
width and prints it when the user requests help (after usage,
but before the list of options).
epilog : string
paragraph of help text to print after option help
option_groups : [OptionGroup]
list of option groups in this parser (option groups are
irrelevant for parsing the command-line, but very useful
for generating help)
allow_interspersed_args : bool = true
if true, positional arguments may be interspersed with options.
Assuming -a and -b each take a single argument, the command-line
-ablah foo bar -bboo baz
will be interpreted the same as
-ablah -bboo -- foo bar baz
If this flag were false, that command line would be interpreted as
-ablah -- foo bar -bboo baz
-- ie. we stop processing options as soon as we see the first
non-option argument. (This is the tradition followed by
Python's getopt module, Perl's Getopt::Std, and other argument-
parsing libraries, but it is generally annoying to users.)
process_default_values : bool = true
if true, option default values are processed similarly to option
values from the command line: that is, they are passed to the
type-checking function for the option's type (as long as the
default value is a string). (This really only matters if you
have defined custom types; see SF bug #955889.) Set it to false
to restore the behaviour of Optik 1.4.1 and earlier.
rargs : [string]
the argument list currently being parsed. Only set when
parse_args() is active, and continually trimmed down as
we consume arguments. Mainly there for the benefit of
callback options.
largs : [string]
the list of leftover arguments that we have skipped while
parsing options. If allow_interspersed_args is false, this
list is always empty.
values : Values
the set of option values currently being accumulated. Only
set when parse_args() is active. Also mainly for callbacks.
Because of the 'rargs', 'largs', and 'values' attributes,
OptionParser is not thread-safe. If, for some perverse reason, you
need to parse command-line arguments simultaneously in different
threads, use different OptionParser instances.
"""
standard_option_list = []
def __init__(self,
usage=None,
option_list=None,
option_class=Option,
version=None,
conflict_handler="error",
description=None,
formatter=None,
add_help_option=True,
prog=None,
epilog=None):
OptionContainer.__init__(
self, option_class, conflict_handler, description)
self.set_usage(usage)
self.prog = prog
self.version = version
self.allow_interspersed_args = True
self.process_default_values = True
if formatter is None:
formatter = IndentedHelpFormatter()
self.formatter = formatter
self.formatter.set_parser(self)
self.epilog = epilog
# Populate the option list; initial sources are the
# standard_option_list class attribute, the 'option_list'
# argument, and (if applicable) the _add_version_option() and
# _add_help_option() methods.
self._populate_option_list(option_list,
add_help=add_help_option)
self._init_parsing_state()
def destroy(self):
"""
Declare that you are done with this OptionParser. This cleans up
reference cycles so the OptionParser (and all objects referenced by
it) can be garbage-collected promptly. After calling destroy(), the
OptionParser is unusable.
"""
OptionContainer.destroy(self)
for group in self.option_groups:
group.destroy()
del self.option_list
del self.option_groups
del self.formatter
# -- Private methods -----------------------------------------------
# (used by our or OptionContainer's constructor)
def _create_option_list(self):
self.option_list = []
self.option_groups = []
self._create_option_mappings()
def _add_help_option(self):
self.add_option("-h", "--help",
action="help",
help=_("show this help message and exit"))
def _add_version_option(self):
self.add_option("--version",
action="version",
help=_("show program's version number and exit"))
def _populate_option_list(self, option_list, add_help=True):
if self.standard_option_list:
self.add_options(self.standard_option_list)
if option_list:
self.add_options(option_list)
if self.version:
self._add_version_option()
if add_help:
self._add_help_option()
def _init_parsing_state(self):
# These are set in parse_args() for the convenience of callbacks.
self.rargs = None
self.largs = None
self.values = None
# -- Simple modifier methods ---------------------------------------
def set_usage(self, usage):
if usage is None:
self.usage = _("%prog [options]")
elif usage is SUPPRESS_USAGE:
self.usage = None
# For backwards compatibility with Optik 1.3 and earlier.
elif usage.lower().startswith("usage: "):
self.usage = usage[7:]
else:
self.usage = usage
def enable_interspersed_args(self):
"""Set parsing to not stop on the first non-option, allowing
interspersing switches with command arguments. This is the
default behavior. See also disable_interspersed_args() and the
class documentation description of the attribute
allow_interspersed_args."""
self.allow_interspersed_args = True
def disable_interspersed_args(self):
"""Set parsing to stop on the first non-option. Use this if
you have a command processor which runs another command that
has options of its own and you want to make sure these options
don't get confused.
"""
self.allow_interspersed_args = False
def set_process_default_values(self, process):
self.process_default_values = process
def set_default(self, dest, value):
self.defaults[dest] = value
def set_defaults(self, **kwargs):
self.defaults.update(kwargs)
def _get_all_options(self):
options = self.option_list[:]
for group in self.option_groups:
options.extend(group.option_list)
return options
def get_default_values(self):
if not self.process_default_values:
# Old, pre-Optik 1.5 behaviour.
return Values(self.defaults)
defaults = self.defaults.copy()
for option in self._get_all_options():
default = defaults.get(option.dest)
if isbasestring(default):
opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
return Values(defaults)
# -- OptionGroup methods -------------------------------------------
def add_option_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
# XXX lots of overlap with OptionContainer.add_option()
if type(args[0]) is types.StringType:
group = OptionGroup(self, *args, **kwargs)
elif len(args) == 1 and not kwargs:
group = args[0]
if not isinstance(group, OptionGroup):
raise TypeError, "not an OptionGroup instance: %r" % group
if group.parser is not self:
raise ValueError, "invalid OptionGroup (wrong parser)"
else:
raise TypeError, "invalid arguments"
self.option_groups.append(group)
return group
def get_option_group(self, opt_str):
option = (self._short_opt.get(opt_str) or
self._long_opt.get(opt_str))
if option and option.container is not self:
return option.container
return None
# -- Option-parsing methods ----------------------------------------
def _get_args(self, args):
if args is None:
return sys.argv[1:]
else:
return args[:] # don't modify caller's list
def parse_args(self, args=None, values=None):
"""
parse_args(args : [string] = sys.argv[1:],
values : Values = None)
-> (values : Values, args : [string])
Parse the command-line options found in 'args' (default:
sys.argv[1:]). Any errors result in a call to 'error()', which
by default prints the usage message to stderr and calls
sys.exit() with an error message. On success returns a pair
(values, args) where 'values' is a Values instance (with all
your option values) and 'args' is the list of arguments left
over after parsing options.
"""
rargs = self._get_args(args)
if values is None:
values = self.get_default_values()
# Store the halves of the argument list as attributes for the
# convenience of callbacks:
# rargs
# the rest of the command-line (the "r" stands for
# "remaining" or "right-hand")
# largs
# the leftover arguments -- ie. what's left after removing
# options and their arguments (the "l" stands for "leftover"
# or "left-hand")
self.rargs = rargs
self.largs = largs = []
self.values = values
try:
stop = self._process_args(largs, rargs, values)
except (BadOptionError, OptionValueError), err:
self.error(str(err))
args = largs + rargs
return self.check_values(values, args)
def check_values(self, values, args):
"""
check_values(values : Values, args : [string])
-> (values : Values, args : [string])
Check that the supplied option values and leftover arguments are
valid. Returns the option values and leftover arguments
(possibly adjusted, possibly completely new -- whatever you
like). Default implementation just returns the passed-in
values; subclasses may override as desired.
"""
return (values, args)
def _process_args(self, largs, rargs, values):
"""_process_args(largs : [string],
rargs : [string],
values : Values)
Process command-line arguments and populate 'values', consuming
options and arguments from 'rargs'. If 'allow_interspersed_args' is
false, stop at the first non-option argument. If true, accumulate any
interspersed non-option arguments in 'largs'.
"""
while rargs:
arg = rargs[0]
# We handle bare "--" explicitly, and bare "-" is handled by the
# standard arg handler since the short arg case ensures that the
# len of the opt string is greater than 1.
if arg == "--":
del rargs[0]
return
elif arg[0:2] == "--":
# process a single long option (possibly with value(s))
self._process_long_opt(rargs, values)
elif arg[:1] == "-" and len(arg) > 1:
# process a cluster of short options (possibly with
# value(s) for the last one only)
self._process_short_opts(rargs, values)
elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
largs.append(arg)
del rargs[0]
else:
return # stop now, leave this arg in rargs
# Say this is the original argument list:
# [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
# ^
# (we are about to process arg(i)).
#
# Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
# [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
# been removed from largs).
#
# The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
# If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
# then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
#
# largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
# rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
#
# If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
# *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
# not a very interesting subset!
def _match_long_opt(self, opt):
"""_match_long_opt(opt : string) -> string
Determine which long option string 'opt' matches, ie. which one
it is an unambiguous abbreviation for. Raises BadOptionError if
'opt' doesn't unambiguously match any long option string.
"""
return _match_abbrev(opt, self._long_opt)
def _process_long_opt(self, rargs, values):
arg = rargs.pop(0)
# Value explicitly attached to arg? Pretend it's the next
# argument.
if "=" in arg:
(opt, next_arg) = arg.split("=", 1)
rargs.insert(0, next_arg)
had_explicit_value = True
else:
opt = arg
had_explicit_value = False
opt = self._match_long_opt(opt)
option = self._long_opt[opt]
if option.takes_value():
nargs = option.nargs
if len(rargs) < nargs:
if nargs == 1:
self.error(_("%s option requires an argument") % opt)
else:
self.error(_("%s option requires %d arguments")
% (opt, nargs))
elif nargs == 1:
value = rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(rargs[0:nargs])
del rargs[0:nargs]
elif had_explicit_value:
self.error(_("%s option does not take a value") % opt)
else:
value = None
option.process(opt, value, values, self)
def _process_short_opts(self, rargs, values):
arg = rargs.pop(0)
stop = False
i = 1
for ch in arg[1:]:
opt = "-" + ch
option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
i += 1 # we have consumed a character
if not option:
raise BadOptionError(opt)
if option.takes_value():
# Any characters left in arg? Pretend they're the
# next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
if i < len(arg):
rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
stop = True
nargs = option.nargs
if len(rargs) < nargs:
if nargs == 1:
self.error(_("%s option requires an argument") % opt)
else:
self.error(_("%s option requires %d arguments")
% (opt, nargs))
elif nargs == 1:
value = rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(rargs[0:nargs])
del rargs[0:nargs]
else: # option doesn't take a value
value = None
option.process(opt, value, values, self)
if stop:
break
# -- Feedback methods ----------------------------------------------
def get_prog_name(self):
if self.prog is None:
return os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
else:
return self.prog
def expand_prog_name(self, s):
return s.replace("%prog", self.get_prog_name())
def get_description(self):
return self.expand_prog_name(self.description)
def exit(self, status=0, msg=None):
if msg:
sys.stderr.write(msg)
sys.exit(status)
def error(self, msg):
"""error(msg : string)
Print a usage message incorporating 'msg' to stderr and exit.
If you override this in a subclass, it should not return -- it
should either exit or raise an exception.
"""
self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
self.exit(2, "%s: error: %s\n" % (self.get_prog_name(), msg))
def get_usage(self):
if self.usage:
return self.formatter.format_usage(
self.expand_prog_name(self.usage))
else:
return ""
def print_usage(self, file=None):
"""print_usage(file : file = stdout)
Print the usage message for the current program (self.usage) to
'file' (default stdout). Any occurrence of the string "%prog" in
self.usage is replaced with the name of the current program
(basename of sys.argv[0]). Does nothing if self.usage is empty
or not defined.
"""
if self.usage:
print >>file, self.get_usage()
def get_version(self):
if self.version:
return self.expand_prog_name(self.version)
else:
return ""
def print_version(self, file=None):
"""print_version(file : file = stdout)
Print the version message for this program (self.version) to
'file' (default stdout). As with print_usage(), any occurrence
of "%prog" in self.version is replaced by the current program's
name. Does nothing if self.version is empty or undefined.
"""
if self.version:
print >>file, self.get_version()
def format_option_help(self, formatter=None):
if formatter is None:
formatter = self.formatter
formatter.store_option_strings(self)
result = []
result.append(formatter.format_heading(_("Options")))
formatter.indent()
if self.option_list:
result.append(OptionContainer.format_option_help(self, formatter))
result.append("\n")
for group in self.option_groups:
result.append(group.format_help(formatter))
result.append("\n")
formatter.dedent()
# Drop the last "\n", or the header if no options or option groups:
return "".join(result[:-1])
def format_epilog(self, formatter):
return formatter.format_epilog(self.epilog)
def format_help(self, formatter=None):
if formatter is None:
formatter = self.formatter
result = []
if self.usage:
result.append(self.get_usage() + "\n")
if self.description:
result.append(self.format_description(formatter) + "\n")
result.append(self.format_option_help(formatter))
result.append(self.format_epilog(formatter))
return "".join(result)
# used by test suite
def _get_encoding(self, file):
encoding = getattr(file, "encoding", None)
if not encoding:
encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()
return encoding
def print_help(self, file=None):
"""print_help(file : file = stdout)
Print an extended help message, listing all options and any
help text provided with them, to 'file' (default stdout).
"""
if file is None:
file = sys.stdout
encoding = self._get_encoding(file)
file.write(self.format_help().encode(encoding, "replace"))
# class OptionParser
def _match_abbrev(s, wordmap):
"""_match_abbrev(s : string, wordmap : {string : Option}) -> string
Return the string key in 'wordmap' for which 's' is an unambiguous
abbreviation. If 's' is found to be ambiguous or doesn't match any of
'words', raise BadOptionError.
"""
# Is there an exact match?
if s in wordmap:
return s
else:
# Isolate all words with s as a prefix.
possibilities = [word for word in wordmap.keys()
if word.startswith(s)]
# No exact match, so there had better be just one possibility.
if len(possibilities) == 1:
return possibilities[0]
elif not possibilities:
raise BadOptionError(s)
else:
# More than one possible completion: ambiguous prefix.
possibilities.sort()
raise AmbiguousOptionError(s, possibilities)
# Some day, there might be many Option classes. As of Optik 1.3, the
# preferred way to instantiate Options is indirectly, via make_option(),
# which will become a factory function when there are many Option
# classes.
make_option = Option
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Accurately transcribe audio content in various formats. Enable transcription of your audio files in multiple languages, as well as translation from those languages into English.
AI Code Generation
Write code like a Pro
Generate complex algorithms simply by using natural language to explain what you are after, we will take care rest for you. Write code like Pro in Python, Flutter, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby and other programming languages.
Think Big, Task Easy
Customers Using Incus Have Experienced:
90%
Time Reduced In Task
4x
Increase In Visibility
60%
Increase In Revenue
Select a Task
Choose from a variety of writing skills trained on industry best-practices
Ads
Create ads much faster and be more creative
Clickbait Titles
Create a creative clickbait titles for your products
Pro
Ad Headlines
Write an attention grabbing ad headlines
Blog Posts
Content for the generating articles, blog post
Blog Titles
Nobody wants to read boring blog titles, generate catchy blog titles with this tool
Blog Section
Write a full blog section (few paragraphs) about a subheading of your article
Blog Ideas
The perfect tool to start writing great articles. Generate creative ideas for your next post
Blog Intros
Write an intro that will entice your visitors to read more about your article
Blog Conclusion
End your blog articles with an engaging conclusion paragraph
Contents
Tools for writing creatives for different moods and tasks
Article Generator
Turn a title and outline text into a fully complete high quality article within seconds
Content Rewriter
Take a piece of content and rewrite it to make it more interesting, creative, and engaging
Paragraph Generator
Generate paragraphs about any topic including a keyword and in a specific tone of voice
Talking Points
Write short, simple and informative points for the subheadings of your article
Pros & Cons
Write the pros and cons of a product, service or website for your blog article
Summarize Text
Summarize any text in a short and easy to understand concise way
Product Description
Write the description about your product and why it worth it
Startup Name Generator
Generate cool, creative, and catchy names for your startup in seconds
Product Name Generator
Create creative product names from examples words
Academic Essay
Create creative academic essays for various subjects just in a second
Creative Stories
Allow AI to generate creative stories for you based on input text
Grammar Checker
Make sure that there are no errors in your content
Summarize for 2nd Grader
Summarize any complex content for a 2nd grader child
Text Extender
Extend your sentences with more description and additional information
Rewrite with Keywords
Rewrite your existing content with including specific keywords
Business Ideas
Generate business ideas based on your keywords and description
Tone Changer
Change the tone of your writing to match your audience
Dictionary
Use a dictionary to find all details of your word
Privacy Policy
Develop a privacy policy information for your organization
Terms and Conditions
Develop a terms and conditions information for your organization
Ecommerce
Powerful tools for e-commerce, listings of your products
Great AI tool to use for academic essay writing and summarising texts!
Josh P
UK
5
Absolutely blown away with the quality of the writing that the AI provides and all the different features, one of the best i've used by far.
Laura S
UK
5
Using this for university and its made my life so much easier!
Tom W
UK
5
Really impressed with everything thats offered by the price!
Sarah
UK
5
Used this when I had a writers block and wow! one of the best features is being able to change the writing tone and style of each text.
Peter Scott
UK
5
An absolute dream for an assignment that I had due. I was skeptical at first, but after seeing my grades go up I use wordfairy for all of my coursework.
John Cross
UK
5
Woohoo! Word Fairy AI just sprinkled some serious writing magic in my life! It's like having a personal writing assistant that never sleeps.
Tim
UK
5
I'm not exaggerating when I say Word Fairy AI is the Dumbledore of writing tools. It's like having a magical professor guiding me through the writing process. I was skeptical at first—it's AI after all, right? But boy, was I proven wrong!
Kira Brown
UK
5
Finally met my writing soulmate! Word Fairy AI has become my brainstorm buddy, my grammar guru, and my secret weapon in the writing world. Its artificial intelligence beams with brilliance, offering word choices I'd never even think of!
Rob
UK
5
Writing just got a major upgrade, thanks to Word Fairy AI! It's like having a pocket-sized Shakespeare with impeccable grammar skills! This clever tool turns my writing foes into friends, fixing those sneaky typos and suggesting ways to improve clarity.
Bill
UK
5
Word Fairy AI is a total game-changer! It's like having a writing superhero by my side, guiding me through every paragraph. It spins my ideas into engaging content effortlessly.
Carol K
UK
5
Wow, Word Fairy AI has turned me into a wordsmith extraordinaire! I used to struggle with writer's block, but with this incredible writing tool, ideas flow like a river.
Rafique
UK
5
Prepare to be mind-blown by Word Fairy AI! This brilliant tool is my secret weapon in the battle against dull content. It sprinkles captivating phrases and catchy headlines all over my writing. Breath-taking AI-powered magic at its best.
Bella
UK
5
Wowza! Word Fairy AI is the writing genie I never knew I needed! With just a few clicks, it conjures up impeccable sentences and helps structure my thoughts flawlessly. Writing, editing, and proofreading have become a breeze.
Antonio
UK
5
This brilliant tool sprinkles dazzling vocabulary and grammar skills into your work, making it shine like a supernova. No more worrying about errors or boring content.
Jenny
UK
5
This baby corrects my clumsy wording, suggests better sentence structures, and even helps me find the perfect synonyms to spice things up. Seriously, if you've ever struggled with writing, let the Word Fairy AI work its magic for you!"
Iris
UK
5
t's like having a personal coach, pushing me towards better writing. Whether I'm composing a professional email or a creative masterpiece, this tool sprinkles linguistic fairy dust on every word. If you're tired of mediocre writing, make Word Fairy AI your new BFF!
Chen
UK
5
My productivity and creativity have hit the stratosphere thanks to this incredible AI. Prepare yourself for word wizardry!
Sumaya
UK
5
Seriously, where has this little AI genius been all my life? Writing projects have become a breeze, and my work is so much more polished now. Word Fairy AI, you've earned your wings in my heart!
Ellie
UK
5
Thanks to this genius AI, my writing has soared to new heights! I can't wait to see what magical stories we'll create together next!
Adam G
USA
5
Great AI tool to use for academic essay writing and summarising texts!
Josh P
UK
5
Absolutely blown away with the quality of the writing that the AI provides and all the different features, one of the best i've used by far.
Laura S
UK
5
Using this for university and its made my life so much easier!
Tom W
UK
5
Really impressed with everything thats offered by the price!
Sarah
UK
5
Used this when I had a writers block and wow! one of the best features is being able to change the writing tone and style of each text.
Peter Scott
UK
5
An absolute dream for an assignment that I had due. I was skeptical at first, but after seeing my grades go up I use wordfairy for all of my coursework.
John Cross
UK
5
Woohoo! Word Fairy AI just sprinkled some serious writing magic in my life! It's like having a personal writing assistant that never sleeps.
Tim
UK
5
I'm not exaggerating when I say Word Fairy AI is the Dumbledore of writing tools. It's like having a magical professor guiding me through the writing process. I was skeptical at first—it's AI after all, right? But boy, was I proven wrong!
Kira Brown
UK
5
Finally met my writing soulmate! Word Fairy AI has become my brainstorm buddy, my grammar guru, and my secret weapon in the writing world. Its artificial intelligence beams with brilliance, offering word choices I'd never even think of!
Rob
UK
5
Writing just got a major upgrade, thanks to Word Fairy AI! It's like having a pocket-sized Shakespeare with impeccable grammar skills! This clever tool turns my writing foes into friends, fixing those sneaky typos and suggesting ways to improve clarity.
Bill
UK
5
Word Fairy AI is a total game-changer! It's like having a writing superhero by my side, guiding me through every paragraph. It spins my ideas into engaging content effortlessly.
Carol K
UK
5
Wow, Word Fairy AI has turned me into a wordsmith extraordinaire! I used to struggle with writer's block, but with this incredible writing tool, ideas flow like a river.
Rafique
UK
5
Prepare to be mind-blown by Word Fairy AI! This brilliant tool is my secret weapon in the battle against dull content. It sprinkles captivating phrases and catchy headlines all over my writing. Breath-taking AI-powered magic at its best.
Bella
UK
5
Wowza! Word Fairy AI is the writing genie I never knew I needed! With just a few clicks, it conjures up impeccable sentences and helps structure my thoughts flawlessly. Writing, editing, and proofreading have become a breeze.
Antonio
UK
5
This brilliant tool sprinkles dazzling vocabulary and grammar skills into your work, making it shine like a supernova. No more worrying about errors or boring content.
Jenny
UK
5
This baby corrects my clumsy wording, suggests better sentence structures, and even helps me find the perfect synonyms to spice things up. Seriously, if you've ever struggled with writing, let the Word Fairy AI work its magic for you!"
Iris
UK
5
t's like having a personal coach, pushing me towards better writing. Whether I'm composing a professional email or a creative masterpiece, this tool sprinkles linguistic fairy dust on every word. If you're tired of mediocre writing, make Word Fairy AI your new BFF!
Chen
UK
5
My productivity and creativity have hit the stratosphere thanks to this incredible AI. Prepare yourself for word wizardry!
Sumaya
UK
5
Seriously, where has this little AI genius been all my life? Writing projects have become a breeze, and my work is so much more polished now. Word Fairy AI, you've earned your wings in my heart!
Ellie
UK
5
Thanks to this genius AI, my writing has soared to new heights! I can't wait to see what magical stories we'll create together next!
Frequently Asked Questions
Got Questions? We have you covered
We are always here to provide full support and clear any doubts that you might have
What Is WordFairy AI?
Word Fairy AI is an advanced artificial intelligence writing tool designed to assist writers in creating high-quality and engaging content. Equipped with state-of-the-art algorithms, this innovative tool offers unparalleled writing guidance and support.
With Word Fairy AI, users can expect an intelligent and efficient writing partner that can generate ideas, provide grammar and spelling suggestions, and help structure essays, articles, or any written work. By leveraging the power of AI, this tool harnesses vast amounts of data and knowledge to deliver accurate and contextually relevant recommendations, saving writers valuable time and effort.
Gone are the days of struggling with writer's block or spending hours on end trying to perfect a sentence or paragraph. Word Fairy AI acts as a virtual mentor, offering creative inspiration and guiding users with well-crafted suggestions tailored to their specific writing needs. Whether you're an aspiring writer, a student, or a seasoned professional, this writing tool is your ultimate companion in the journey of crafting impeccable content.
Does Wordfairy AI Offer A Free Trial?
Absolutely! Word Fairy AI offers a free sign up and trail of 1000 words for you to see all of our different features and test out our custom AI software. We're certain that you will be blown away with how advanced and customised our software is.
What Is The Word Fairy AI Referral Scheme
Do you know anyone who can benefit from Word Fairy AI? Refer a friend and we will give you 50% of the value of the first month of their subscription in the form of a digital amazon voucher. Get in touch with us at admin@wordfairy.ai for more details!
How Does Word Fairy AI Work?
Equipped with cutting-edge algorithms, Word Fairy AI assists users in generating engaging and persuasive content across various genres and formats. From blog posts and marketing copy to academic papers and creative writing, this tool adapts to the specific writing style and requirements of each user, providing invaluable suggestions to enhance coherence, clarity, and overall impact.
What sets Word Fairy AI apart is its ability to learn and adapt to individual preferences and writing goals. As users interact with the tool, it gradually tailors its suggestions based on their writing patterns and preferences. This personalized approach ensures that each user receives the most relevant and helpful recommendations throughout their writing journey.
By leveraging the vast knowledge and deep understanding of language encoded within its algorithms, Word Fairy AI enables writers to express their ideas with precision and eloquence. From grammar and spelling corrections to insightful vocabulary suggestions, this tool acts as a virtual writing tutor, providing continuous feedback and support to help users reach their full potential.
How Are Texts Generated For The Same Answer Different?
What sets Word Fairy AI apart is its ability to analyze the context and purpose of the writing, generating tailored suggestions that resonate with the intended audience. By considering factors such as genre, tone, and target audience, this tool guides users toward crafting content that captivates and engages readers, making every written piece a masterpiece.
Furthermore, Word Fairy AI acts as a platform for continuous growth and improvement. By analyzing the writing patterns and preferences of each user, this tool learns and adapts, delivering increasingly accurate and contextually relevant suggestions as users interact with it more frequently. This personalized approach guarantees that each individual's unique style and voice shine through, fostering a sense of authenticity in every written work.
With its vast knowledge database and intricate understanding of language nuances, Word Fairy AI offers comprehensive writing support at users' fingertips. From instantaneous grammar checks to insightful vocabulary suggestions, this tool inspires users to push the boundaries of their writing abilities and enables them to create compelling and impactful content that resonates with their intended audience.
This means that even if the same question for the same topic is asked 100 times, there will be 100 unique and completely different answers with no similarities.
How Is Word Fairy AI Different From Chat GPT?
Word Fairy AI is distinct from Chat GPT in terms of its primary function and purpose. While Chat GPT is mainly designed to engage in conversational interactions and provide responses like a chatbot, Word Fairy AI focuses predominantly on enhancing the writing capabilities of its users. With a range of advanced language models and text generation algorithms, Word Fairy AI aims to assist individuals in crafting high-quality written content for various purposes, such as articles, reports, blog posts, or creative writing. By leveraging it's powerful AI technology, Word Fairy AI can provide users with intelligent suggestions, grammar corrections, and insightful recommendations to refine their writing skills and create compelling textual compositions.
Can I Use Word Fairy For My University Assignments?
Yes, you can definitely use Word Fairy for your university assignments. Word Fairy AI is an advanced artificial intelligence writing tool designed to assist users in creating well-written and professional documents. Its powerful features, such as grammar and spell-check, suggest improvements, and content enhancement, make it an ideal tool for academic writing.
Word Fairy AI ensures that your assignments are free from grammatical errors, typos, and awkward phrasing. This tool not only helps you proofread your work but also offers suggestions for improving sentence structure, vocabulary usage, and overall coherence. It acts as a virtual writing assistant, providing valuable feedback to enhance the quality of your assignments.
Moreover, Word Fairy AI saves you time and effort by automating tedious tasks such as citations and bibliography formatting. With its comprehensive database of citation styles, including APA, MLA, and Chicago, you can be confident that your references are accurately formatted. This allows you to focus more on the content of your assignments, ensuring it meets the high academic standards set by your university.
It is important to note that while Word Fairy AI assists and streamlines the writing process, it is still your responsibility as a student to ensure the integrity of your work. The tool's primary purpose is to enhance your writing skills and provide suggestions, but ultimately, you must ensure that the content and ideas presented in your assignments are original and properly cited.
In summary, Word Fairy AI is an invaluable tool for your university assignments. It provides a range of features designed to improve your writing, enhance the quality of your work, and save you time. By using Word Fairy AI, you can confidently submit well-written and professional assignments that meet the academic standards of your university.
I Still Have Questions
No Problem at all! Please feel free to get in touch with us at admin@wordfairy.ai and we would be more than happy to help
Facebook Ads
Write Facebook ads that engage your audience and deliver a high conversion rate
Instagram Captions
Grab attention with catchy captions for your Instagram posts
Instagram Hashtags Generator
Find the best hashtags to use for your Instagram posts
Social Media Post (Personal)
Write a social media post for yourself to be published on any platform
Social Media Post (Business)
Write a post for your business to be published on any social media platform
Facebook Headlines
Write catchy and convincing headlines to make your Facebook Ads stand out
Google Ads Headlines
Write catchy 30-character headlines to promote your product with Google Ads
Google Ads Description
Write a Google Ads description that makes your ad stand out and generates leads
LinkedIn Posts
Create an interesting linkedin post with the help of AI
Twitter Tweets
Generate an interesting twitter tweets with AI
LinkedIn Ad Headlines
Attention-grabbing, click-inducing and high-converting ad headlines for LinkedIn
LinkedIn Ad Descriptions
Professional and eye-catching ad descriptions that will make your product shine